1
Why depreciate equipment rather than deduct it all at once?
Equipment used over several years generates value throughout its useful life, not only in the year of purchase. Depreciation spreads the tax deduction proportionally over that period — each year you deduct the portion corresponding to actual wear. Without depreciation, deducting 3 000 € in a single year would artificially inflate your expenses and distort your accounting result. As a rule, any asset intended to be used for more than one fiscal year must be depreciated, unless it qualifies as low-value.
2
What is the legal basis for depreciation in Belgium?
Article 62 of the Income Tax Code 1992 (CIR 92) sets the legal framework. It requires the straight-line method as the standard: the same amount is deducted every fiscal year over the asset's useful life. The Belgian tax authority publishes normally accepted depreciation rates by category: 33.33% per year (3 years) for IT and electronic equipment, 20% per year (5 years) for tools and vehicles, 10% per year (10 years) for furniture and fittings. Different rates are allowed but must be justified by the economic reality of the asset.
3
How is the annual depreciation allowance calculated?
The annual allowance equals the purchase price excl. VAT divided by the number of years. Example: a laptop bought for 1 200 € excl. VAT depreciated over 3 years gives 1 200 ÷ 3 = 400 €/year. This amount reduces your taxable profit each year. The sum of all annual allowances must equal the purchase price at the end of the plan. In Ledgerly, the i button next to the Duration field calculates and shows this allowance in real time, along with a full year-by-year breakdown.
4
What is pro rata temporis and how does Ledgerly apply it?
Pro rata temporis reduces the first (and possibly the last) year's allowance to the proportion of months actually elapsed. Ledgerly uses the full-month rule: depreciation starts on the 1st of the purchase month. Example: an asset bought in April (month 4) generates 9 months of depreciation in year one (April to December: 13 − 4 = 9 months), giving 400 × 9/12 = 300 €. Subsequent years receive the full 400 € allowance. If the purchase month is not January, a final partial year closes the plan and its amount is adjusted to the nearest cent so that the total equals exactly the purchase price.
5
Which depreciation period applies to which type of asset?
The Belgian tax authority recognises three standard periods for self-employed individuals. 3 years for IT and electronic equipment: computers, laptops, tablets, smartphones, software — rapid technological obsolescence justifies a short life. 5 years for professional tools, machinery, measuring equipment and utility vehicles — mechanical wear is regular and predictable. 10 years for office furniture, fittings, and durable equipment. These periods are generally accepted without further justification. Other periods are possible if they better reflect economic reality, but must be defensible in the event of a tax audit.
6
What is an immediate deduction and when does it apply?
When no duration is selected in Ledgerly, the asset is treated as immediately deductible: its cost excl. VAT is deducted in full in the year of purchase, with no spreading. The Belgian tax authority accepts this for low-value assets whose unit price does not exceed 1 000 € excl. VAT, such as a mouse, a cable, a small accessory, or an annual software subscription. Above 1 000 € excl. VAT, a multi-year depreciation plan is mandatory even if the asset seems minor. When in doubt, opt for depreciation — it is the safer position with the tax authority.
7
What is net book value and how do I read the depreciation table in Ledgerly?
Net book value (NBV) is the undepreciated portion of the asset — its accounting value after subtracting all accumulated depreciation. Formula: NBV = Purchase price − Total cumulative allowances. Over time, the NBV decreases steadily until it reaches zero at the end of the plan. In Ledgerly, the detail page of each piece of equipment shows the current NBV prominently, along with a full year-by-year table: for each fiscal year you can see the months depreciated, the year's allowance, the cumulative total and the remaining NBV. Past years are shown in grey, the current year is highlighted in indigo with an EN COURS badge, and the NBV turns green when it reaches zero. A fully depreciated asset can still be used — it simply no longer generates a tax-deductible charge.